Post Mortem Free Essays

A)Show that, compared to perfect competition, monopolies reduce output Essay

A)Show that, contrasted with impeccable rivalry, restraining infrastructures lessen yield and increment cost. Does this imply imposing business models are consistently against the open intrigue - Essay Example It searches at a cost available interest bend that will boost its benefits both in the short run and the since a long time ago run. In contrast to the ideal rivalry, the monopolists peripheral income from every unit isn't steady (Samuelson, 2010). The table beneath shows that the interest increments as the value diminishes the fundamental descending slanting interest bend. Nonetheless, the minimal income diminishes as every unit of yield is expanded. Hence, the monopolist raises the cost and limits yield to augment its profits (Samuelson, 2010). Thus, the monopolist will create the quantity of units when its minor expense is equivalent to the minimal income. This means the there will be consistently be more interest than there will be flexibly to expand the benefits. (Samuelson, 2010) Restraining infrastructures act against the open enthusiasm everywhere in light of the fact that they are profitably wasteful, cause a government assistance misfortune and procure over the top benefits. Correspondingly, they control the cost just as the yield to a limited degree; along these lines harming the general population on the loose. Notwithstanding, there are contentions that syndications help accomplish economies of scale and help diminish per unit cost and keep up a significant level of development to keep the interest bend stable. (Snook, 2013) Snook, A. Is the Existence of Monopoly Against the Public Interest. Recovered from http://www.courseworkbank.info/courseworkbank.info.php?f=R0NFIEEgLSBMZXZlbC9FY29ub21pY3MvSXMgdGhlIGV4aXN0ZW5jZSBvZiBhIG1vbm9wb2x5IGFnYWluc3QgVGhlIHB1YmxpYyBpbnRlcmVzdC5wZGY on March 24,

12 Ways to Relieve Insomnia When You Quit Smoking

12 Ways to Relieve Insomnia When You Quit Smoking January 08, 2020 Verywell / Cindy Chung More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Sleep disturbances are a common side effect of nicotine withdrawal. New ex-smokers might sleep more than usual through this phase of smoking cessation. Our bodies are reacting to the loss of numerous doses of nicotine and other chemicals throughout the day. It can and usually does leave us feeling foggy and lethargic. If this describes how you feel, dont fight the need for extra rest. Take naps when you can and get to bed earlier than usual. Your body will bounce back with a little time. On the opposite end of the spectrum are the ex-smokers who have difficulty getting any sleep at all. Insomnia is also a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal. If you find yourself suffering from insomnia during the first few weeks after you quit smoking, try a few of these natural remedies to ease your discomforts. 1.  Cut Out the Caffeine Caffeine is a stimulant. Most people know this, but heres a fact that is less widely known: Caffeine in the body of a smoker is metabolized (digested) at about twice the rate as that of a nonsmoker.?? The result is a high tolerance to caffeine. When you stop smoking, the amount of coffee or colas youre used to drinking might make you jittery and anxious now. Reduce or cut out caffeine from your daily regimen completely for awhile, especially if you’re having trouble sleeping through the night. Chances are good that once youre through the withdrawal process, youll be able to drink coffee again, though maybe not as much as you did as a smoker. 2.  Take a Warm Bath Light a few candles, use some scented bath salts, and let the stress of the day go.?? A warm bath is an excellent  way to relax your body and mind in preparation for sleep. 3.  Schedule a Massage Enlist your spouse or another willing pair of hands to help work the stress out of your muscles. If you can get a full body massage, great, but even 10 or 15 minutes spent on your neck, shoulders, face, and scalp can work wonders to help you unwind and get  ready for a good nights sleep.?? 4.  Have a Cup of Herbal Tea There are a variety of herbal teas blended specifically to help soothe and promote sleep. Take a look at the tea section in the supermarket, or visit your local health food store and ask for suggestions.?? 5.  Listen to Soothing Music Soft, mellow music can help you loosen up enough to drift off to sleep.?? Try listening to a recording of waves hitting the beach. Soft sounds can be a very good sleep aid. Make sure you have a player or app that will turn itself off. You don’t want to have to get up and do it yourself, as that defeats the purpose. 6.  Turn off the Electronics Whether you have a smartphone, tablet, or laptop, park it at the door of your bedroom and consider silencing it so you dont hear messages or notifications coming in. Leave the TV off, too. Instead, read a book (an actual book, not one on your phone) for a bit to help you get drowsy.?? 7.  Drink a Glass of Warm Milk Spice it up with a little honey and cardamom or nutmeg. Warm milk helps you sleep due to the fact that it is a food rich in the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-tryptophan helps our bodies produce neurotransmitters like serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical messenger that helps tell the brain to shut down and sleep at night.  More of the L-tryptophan is available to your brain when you eat a carbohydrate along with it. No wonder milk and cookies have long been a favorite bedtime snack. Other foods containing the amino acid L-tryptophan: Chicken,  turkey, fish, and shellfish??EggsSoybean products such as tofuDairy products  Seeds including sunflower seedsNuts such as pistachios, cashews, almonds, and hazelnuts L-tryptophan supplements are not generally recommended as they were previously associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Food and drink that naturally contain L-tryptophan are safer choices. 8.  Don’t Drink Alcohol Alcohol disrupts sleep. A few drinks may make it easier to fall asleep initially, but alcohol in the system will often cause you  to wake up just a few hours into the sleep cycle. Sleep is then often intermittent for the remainder of the night.?? 9. Get Some Exercise Even a short 15-minute walk will help, but if you cant sleep, try getting out for a nice long walk a few hours before bed. Timing is important with this one. Dont exercise just before bed as it revs you up before it slows you down.?? 10.  Meditate Meditation helps start your day on the right foot  and end it nicely, too. As a sleep aid, try muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation in bed, laying quietly, eyes closed.?? Start by focusing on the muscles in your body, consciously relaxing them, section by section. Next, move on to the thoughts in your mind.  Acknowledge each one as it comes and then let it go. Let your mind drift and flow, releasing stress and worry as it goes. Adding meditation to your morning routine (in an upright position) will reward you with improved control and calmness throughout your day, as well. 11. Dont  Nap While it may feel good to finally get some shut-eye, if its during the day, dont do it. Power naps are not your friend if youre suffering from insomnia. Youll pay for it when its time for bed.?? 12. Start Your Day  a Little Earlier Another useful technique to help you shift your internal clock is to start your day a little earlier.  You can use some of the time to meditate, tooâ€"a win, win. A Word From Verywell The physical withdrawal phase of smoking cessation is a temporary condition. Your sleep patterns will return to normal soon, providing you didn’t have insomnia before you quit smoking. If symptoms persist beyond the first month or so, schedule a visit with your doctor to make sure smoking cessation is responsible for how youre feeling.

Human Population Growth - 916 Words

Once, when the world was changing and new lands were being explored and conquered, the opinion of the masses was â€Å"Growth is good.† There was no worry about the lives being harmed or how large our impact was, or even of the future repercussions our actions might have. However, this once-carefree opinion has twisted and mutated and created a monster: human population growth. It’s big. It’s fast. And there’s almost no way to stop it, with our current rate of increase. The consequences of our forefather’s actions, carried out so long ago and not given so much as a backwards glance, are now coming back to haunt us, and they fight dirty. This growing beast is pressing an ever-increasing strain upon our Earth’s resources, and it seems like there is nothing we can do to prevent present and future degradation. Luckily, the solution to this expanding issue is sustainability. Scientists and researchers across the globe are working to desig n effective new ways to keep our way of life without fanning the flames of global change. The bottom line is, the quicker we get started on reducing and reversing global climate alteration, the better off everyone will be. Human population growth has and is drastically affecting the cycles through which our environment works. Ever since the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s, the growth has skyrocketed. With the additional help of the Medical Revolution in the 1950s, our population has increased exponentially, causing detrimentalShow MoreRelatedHuman Population Growth458 Words   |  2 PagesHuman population growth is becoming a huge issue in our world today. The population is increasing rapidly. The reason that it is becoming a concern is because it has affected the economic, environmental, and social aspects of our world. In the film Frontline: Heat, we can see how there might not be a future for our planet unless we are able to reduce the emissions and make our world a sa fe place. Not only for the present but also for future generations so that they are able to live long and healthyRead MorePopulation Control And Its Effect On The Growth Of A Human Population1126 Words   |  5 PagesPopulation control refers to the practice of artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, this has been made possible by limiting the birth rate, usually by government mandate. It-) has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, environmental concerns, religious reasons, and overpopulation. The idea that population control is needed to be implemented in society dates back to 1798, when Thomas Malthus suggested it in hisRead MoreGrowth of Human Population and Its Effect on the Environment1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe growth of the human population has been strikingly apparent that the rate of growth has been much steeper than recent times. The earlier Homo sapiens were vegetarians and gathe rs they hunted and fished for food. With increased knowledge humans learned how to farm, domesticate animals and used irrigation to meet their needs. The knowledge of water and sewer conditions along with better medical care and agriculture made life easier. Earlier man did not have these factors and the population remainedRead MoreRapid Population Growth : A Country With The Largest Human Population1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmore rapid population growth rates in mid-transition than historically observed in the North. Two factors account for this very rapid expansion of population in these still largely traditional societies: the spread of medical technology such as immunization and antibiotics after World War II, which led to vastly rapid declines in death rates, and a lag in declines in birth rates. Nigeria is a country with the largest human population in Africa. Some of the results of human populations are; depletionRead MoreThe Current Trend Of Human Population Growth1950 Wo rds   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Is the current trend in Human population growth a danger to our planet?† Yes. The current trend in Human population growth is a serious issue, and, as of late,   it has been the focus of numerous scientific debates and studies. Why is it a danger to our planet? Recent studies from various scientific sources show that since the late eighteenth century (after the beginning of the industrial revolution), the human population had set itself on an explosively exponential growth rate, catapulting out ofRead MoreShould Government Attempt to Control Human Population Growth?1873 Words   |  8 PagesShould Government Attempt to Control Human Population Growth? Human population grows, and it has been calculated that by the year 2050 there will be over 9 billion people in the world. As a result of that the amount of land per person will have dropped to less than one square inch. It is clear that population growth must stop in some close future due to various factors (Issitt, 1). Shortage in food and water, limited energy, pollution, death of plants and animals, and many more other shortagesRead MoreThe Growth Of The Human Population1902 Words   |  8 PagesThe indefinite growth of the human population, has monumental impacts on the natural environment, not only in the UK, but around the globe. Architecturally, the entire process of designing and constructing a building, both domestic and not, can lead to the rapid exhaustion of natural resources across the planet. Building with environmental design strategies in mind not only combats the impact we as humans have on the natural environment, but also has considerable economic benefits, due to lower runningRead MoreHuman Population Growth And The Environment Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesHuman population growth has exploded in recent years and the impact to the environment is what I am going to describe in this paper. I am going to explain the issues population has caused as well as the biblical principles for environmental stewardship. Next I will describe important factors that contribute to the issues that population growth brings to the environment. I will then describe the effect population has on people and the environment. Finally, I will explain a long term strategy withRead MoreThe Issues Of Human Population Growth1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe Issues of Human Population Growth Introduction Thesis: The topic of human population growth is an important issue due to its impacts upon people in developing countries, economics, religion, food production, and the environment; without any limitations, population growth can lead to negative consequences, such as famine and environmental destruction, or even positive outcomes, such as potential economic growth. Body Paragraph 1: Developing Countries (Negative) Population growth has been runningRead MoreIntroduction. In Biology, Human Population Growth Is Defined1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In biology, human population growth is defined as the increase of the number of individuals per a population. Human population growth can be affected by several different factors such as life expectancy and fertility rates. Life expectancy and fertility rates are the driving forces behind the growth of human population. Life expectancy refers to the average period in which an individual is expected to live. Fertility refers to the number of children a woman will bear within her lifetime

A Synthesis and Response of Two Articles Concerning...

Modern concerns about global warming have rekindled ideas about nuclear power in the United States but one concern still remains: what is to be done with the waste? Right now most spent nuclear fuel is stored in large casks at the plants where it was used with plans in the works for a common location to store the waste for long periods of time. Long term storage is not the only option, technology exists to take this spent nuclear fuel and remove the unused plutonium and uranium from the waste products to create more fuel. The remaining waste would be stored in a long term facility as discussed above. This process is highly controversial due to economic and safety concerns, but could increase the capacity of a long term storage facility.†¦show more content†¦Bastin also acknowledges the potential for large amounts of plutonium to fall into the wrong hands, but asserts that if a reprocessing plant is well managed, unlike plants of the past, the security of the nuclear material is not a difficult issue to control. On the subject of exposure, Bastin uses the example of the first reprocessing plant built for the United States government by DuPont. This design was built to contain all reprocessing equipment and materials in order to limit radiation exposure to employees. The main disagreement between the two authors lies in the economics of the reprocessing of spent fuel. In his article, Bastin discusses a reprocessing facility that would have been built in the early 1980s by DuPont that was based on the initial success of the pilot plant built for the U.S. Government. Using the outline of these successes, Bastin estimates that the cost of reprocessing at such a plant would cost $250 per kilogram of waste, as opposed to $1,000 per kilogram at French and British plants or even the $5,000 to $15,000 per kilogram at similar Japanese facilities. Bastin claims that the foreign reprocessing plants did not implement the ideas of DuPont’s original plant in th eir design which would have significantly lowered the cost of reprocessing. The biggest economic cost, according to Bastin, comes from not reprocessing fuel, mainly because the reprocessing of fuel allows for waste to remain radioactive for a shorter period

Critical Success Factors of Mobile Telephony Companies Free Essays

string(123) " is growing at such a fast pace that mobile operators are breaking the record for net additions almost every second month\." CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF THE MOBILE TELEPHONY COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE EASTERN REGION BY : AMARTYA DHAR(08BS0000240) ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL 10. 12. 09 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF MOBILE TELEPHONY COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE EASTERN REGION SUBMITTED BY : AMARTYA DHAR(08BS0000240) SUBMITTED TO :PROF BHASKAR BASU 2 ABSTRACT: India, the world’s fastest-growing mobile services market, has added a record 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Success Factors of Mobile Telephony Companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now 02 million new wireless subscribers in March 2009, which are the highest ever additions in a single month till now. As the country continues to add around 10-11 million new connections each month, the target of 500 million telephone subscribers by 2010 is expected to be met in advance. 3 INTRODUCTION: The Indian mobile telephony industry is highly competitive with increasing number of players the companies are on the lookout for factors differentiating their service from the competitors. When a business takes a product to market, whether it is a basic product like corn or a highly engineered offering like the digital camera the company must make the product itself compelling (Frances X. Frei HBR April 2008). With price cuts and attractive rental schemes being offered by each and every service provider the two above mentioned factors are no longer the factors which can guarantee a large consumer base . That is why the mobile telephony companies are continuously on the lookout for factors which can give them a competitive edge. This project is an effort to find out the critical success factors which are necessary for the success of a mobile telephony company in the present scenario. The data have been collected through secondary research , primary research with the help of questionnaires was also done. CURRENT INDIAN TELECOM SECTOR SCENARIO: India’s telecom sector has made rapid progress since the announcement of the National Telecom Policy – 1999 (NTP-1999). Since 2000, the telecom sector has been a key contributor to the Indian economy’s impressive performance registering sustained high growth rates. Predominantly, over the last three years, the telecom sector has gr own remarkably in the range of 29% – 47%. Growth in mobile phones was the principal driver for telecom growth in the country as they have been in other parts of the world. Currently, India continues to be one of the fastest growing telecommunication markets in the world. A progressive regulatory regime, network expansion by operators, reduction in tariffs and cost of handsets, which essentially make the service affordable for the common users, all acted as demand booster to the growth of the telecom sector. Growth of the Telecom Sector in India: Year (End March) 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Mobile Fixed Total Additions (during calendar year) 21. 84 (28. 5) 41. 96 (42. 4) 65. 54 (46. 7) 94. 65 (46. 0) 129. 21 (43. 0) 35. 61 56. 5 98. 78 165. 11 261. 09 391. 76 40. 92 41. 42 41. 54 40. 75 39. 42 37. 96 76. 53 98. 37 140. 32 205. 86 300. 51 429. 72 5 The mobile sector has grown from around 10 million subscribers in 2002 to around 35. 61million in 2003-04. The year 2004 was a watershed year for the fixed-line services in India, as mobile subscribers outnumbered fixed phone subscribers. In October 2004, the number of mobile phone users in India has crossed the number of fixed-line subscribers for the first time. So the year 2004 can be viewed upon as a landmark year in the history of Indian mobile telephony. Today, the mobile subscribers are not only much more than the land-line subscriber in the country, but their number is also increasing at a much faster pace. This was along the expected lines as, for the past few years, mobile phone subscriptions are growing at much faster rate than fixed phone subscriptions with almost all leading operators focusing more on wireless. Consequently, between March 2005 and March 2009, the country has added around 335 million new wireless subscribers to reach a total of 391. 76 million; however, the fixed line subscriptions have declined by 3. 46 million, down to 37. 6 million over the same period, partly reflecting the substitution effect. During the year 2008-09 around 0. 13 million average subscribers per month surrendered their land-line phone services except in the month of March which witnessed net additions of0. 23 million new subscribers. However, the telecom analysts opine that the fixed line telephony segment is definitely poised for growth in the coming years as the telephone operators are increasingly focusing on enhancing broadband penetration levels in the country and looking at introducing new value added services to enhance the experience of customers. BSNL is planning to use new technologies such as internet protocol television (IPTV) for tapping the fixed-line market. Tele-density: Tele-density (the number of telephone subscribers per 100 people)grew initially slowly from 7. 2 in March2004 to 12. 8 in March 2006, but thereafter galloped to a level of 36. 9 in March 2009 . Notwithstanding such remarkable achievement, it is necessary to note that India still lags far behind countries like Brazil and China, where the tele-density is over 50. China’s subscriber base is whopping. According to the China’s Ministry of Information Industry (MII), by the end of calendar 2007, China’s gross subscriber base consisting of fixed and mobile users had touched 912 million. Of the gross subscribers’ base, mobile subscribers have numbered 547 million and 6 fixed-line subscribers about 365 million at the end of December 2007. However, India’s tele-density is much higher compared to the neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The telecom subscriber base in the fiscal year 2008-09 has reached a new milestone, as more than 129. 1 million telephone subscribers have been added during April 2008 – March2009 registering a growth of 43%. As indicated in the Table , the growth of mobile phone subscribers during the fiscal year 2008-09 has been phenomenal at 50%. Total subscribers Teledensity In India 7 Monthly Growth Rate Of India’s Telephone subscribers 2008-09 The mobile subscriber base in the country is growing at suc h a fast pace that mobile operators are breaking the record for net additions almost every second month. You read "Critical Success Factors of Mobile Telephony Companies" in category "Essay examples" India, the world’s fastest-growing mobile services market, has added a record 16. 2 million new wireless subscribers in March 2009, which are the highest ever additions in a single month till now. As per telecom analysts, this was the highest growth recorded within a 30-day period in any country. The previous best was 15. 41 million in January 2009. Consequently, the total number of mobile subscribers [(GSM, CDMA WLL (F)] at the end of March 2009 has touched 391. 76 million as compared to 315. 31 million in September 2008 and 261. 09 million in March 2008. In recent years, smaller towns have fuelled further growth in mobile telephony . An interesting revelation is that currently, the cellular subscriber base is growing at a faster rate in Circles B and C as compared to Circle A and metropolitan cities. Interestingly, the bulk of the new mobile users are from the rural areas. As the country continues to add about 10-11 million new connections each month, the target of 500 million telephone subscribers by 2010 is expected to be met in advance. 8 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: Acquisitions: Sahara India Investment Corporation has acquired 11. 7% stake in Chennai-based telecom company STel Ltd, for an undisclosed amount. STel has licences to operate in several northern and eastern states. As per telecom analysts the deal can be worth around Rs 250 crore, if STel’s stake sale in Bahrain Telecommunications earlier this year is taken as the benchmark. Cell Phone for Rural Areas: A mobile phone that can be charged by a common pencil battery cell will be launched by next year. Techtium, the Israeli hybrid battery manufacturer is having discussions with various cellular phone manufacturing companies to make and market these low-cost handsets. This technology will be revolutionary, especially for rural areas in countries where availability of power is a major problem. The company has already launched a mobile phone in collaboration with Philips, which not only runs on the lithium battery, but also uses a single AAA battery as aback-up option. Investments Telecom player Aircel Ltd will be investing Rs 1,000 crore in Andhra Pradesh (AP) by 9 December 2009, as part of its $5 billion pan-India expansion plan spread over the next 3 to 5 years. The amount will be used to build base stations, install switches, create a data centre and enhance retail presence in AP. New Ventures India’s fifth largest telecom service provider, Aircel has launched its GSM mobile services in India’s financial capital, Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company is the seventh service provider in Mumbai’s saturated market and has to compete with six well established telecomcompanies – Airtel, MTNL, Vodafone Essar, Idea, Reliance, Tata Teleservices and Loop Mobile. Aircel has around 1,000 cell sites in Mumbai and will be increasing it to around 2,000 sites by the year-end. The company has presence in 17 circles among 22 circles in the country. Maxis Communications (Malaysia) holds a majority stake of 74% in Aircel. The company commenced operations in 1999 and became the leading mobile operator in Tamil Nadu within 18 months. Aircel began its outward expansion in 2005 and met with unprecedented success in the Eastern frontier circles. Tata Communications (formerly VSNL) an Rs 800 crore data and communications service provider company, has announced its participation in the $600 million new West AfricanCable System (WACS). The consortium includes Angola Telecom, Broadband Infraco, Cable Wireless, MTN, Telecom Nambia, Portugal Telecom, Sotelco, Telkom SA, Togo Telecom and Vodacom. The operators have recently signed a construction and maintenance agreement and supply contract for the implementation of the WACS. ZTE Chinese telecom equipment provider, which has provided infrastructure to Indian telecom companies like Reliance Communication, Tata Teleservices, Aircel and Loop Telecom, has found a novel way to expand business in India. Recently, ZTE has tied up with China Development Bank for financing mobile operators in India for upgradation of the telecom infrastructure. The new strategy adopted by ZTE is not only to compete with existing, well established players like Ericsson, Nokia-Siemens, but also to increase its market share in India’s fastest growing telecom sector. 10 With 35. 53 Million net additions during the Quarter, Total Wireless (GSM + CDMA) subscriber base increased to 427. 28 Million at the end of June-09, and wireless Tele-density reached 36. 64. 4. Wireline subscriber base declined to 37. 54 Million at the end ofJune-09, taking the wireline teledensity to 3. 22. 5. Internet subscribers increased to 14. 5 million at the end of June2009 registering a quarterly growth rate of 3. 80%. However, this growth rate is lower than the growth rate seen in the previous quarter (5. 3%). 6. Share of Broadband subscription in total Internet subscription increased from 46% in Mar-09 to 47% in June-09. 86. 66% of the Broadband subscribers are using Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology. 7. Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) for GSM-Full Mobil ity service declined by 10% from Rs. 205 in QE Mar-09 to Rs. 185 in QE Jun-09. 11 8. ARPU for CDMA – Full mobility service declined by 7. 2% from Rs. 99 in QE Mar-09 to Rs. 2 in QE June-09 9. ARPU for dialup Internet usage increased by 2. 97% from Rs. 236. 47 in QE March 2009 to Rs 243. 50 for the quarter endingJune 2009 10. MOU per subscriber for GSM – Full mobility service continued to show a declining trend. It declined by 6. 19% from 484 in QE Mar-09 to 454 in QE Jun-09. The outgoing MOUs declined by 5. 30% and incoming by 7. 04%. 11. MOU per subscriber for CDMA-full mobility service declined by 4% from 357 (Q. E March 2009) to 342 (Q. E June 2009). The Outgoing MOUs declined by 2. 7% and Incoming MOUs declined by 5. 2%. 12. Gross Revenue (GR) nd Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) of Telecom Sector for the QE June-09 has been Rs 39,108. 33 Crore and Rs. 29,732. 52 Crore respectively. There has been a reduction of 3. 3% in GR as compared to previous quarter. AGR has shown slight increase of 0. 02% vis-a-vis previous quarter. 13. Average licence fee as percentage of AGR is 8. 43% in June-09 as against 8. 4% in previous quarter. 14. The wireline Service Providers met the QoS parameters of Customer Care Service (Closures)and Response time to the customer for assistance [%age of calls answered (electronically)within 20 sec] 15. The performance of wireline servce providers improved as compared to the previous quarter, in respect of parameters Provision of Telephones, Faults repaired by next working day,Mean Time to Repair, Call Completion Rate, Customer Care Services (Shifts and Additional Facilities) and Time taken for refund of deposits 16. The wireline service performance has deteriorated in this quarter, as compared to the previous quarter, in respect of Faults incidences, Metering billing credibility, Response time to the customer for assistance [%age of calls answered (electronically) within 40 sec %age of calls answered by operator (voice to voice)]. 2 Market Share – Rural Urban 25. 225. 6% 74. 4% 13 Service Area wise Access (Wireless +Wireline) Subscribers 14 Subscribers (Rural Urban) Market share: 15 List of Cellular Mobile (GSM CDMA) Service Providers currently providing service [As on 30th June 2009]: The operators currently operating in Kolkata are Airtel,Vodafone ,Tata Teleservices, Idea, Reliance telecom, Aircel group, BSNL etc. Bharti is the leading service provider in this region . 16 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR: Critical Success Factors (CSF’s) are the critical factors or activities required for ensuring the success your business. The term was initially used in the world of data analysis, and business analysis. Critical Success Factors have been used significantly to present or identify a few key factors that organizations should focus on to be successful. critical success factors refer to â€Å"the limited number of areas in which satisfactory results will ensure successful competitive performance for the individual, department, or organization†. Identifying CSF’s is important as it allows firms to focus their efforts on building their capabilities to meet the CSF’s, or even allow firms to decide if they have the capability to build the requirements necessary to meet Critical Success Factors (CSF’s). Types of Critical Success Factor There are four basic types of CSF’s They are: 1. Industry CSF’s resulting from specific industry characteristics; 2. Strategy CSF’s resulting from the chosen competitive strategy of the business; 3. Environmental CSF’s resulting from economic or technological changes; and 4. Temporal CSF’s resulting from internal organizational needs and changes. Five key sources of Critical Success Factors MAIN ASPECTS OF Critical Success Factors and their use in analysis CSF’s are tailored to a firm’s or manager’s particular situation as different 17 situations (e. g. industry, division, individual) lead to different critical success factors. Rockart and Bullen presented five key sources of CSF’s: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The industry, Competitive strategy and industry position, Environmental factors, Temporal factors, and Managerial position (if considered from an individual’s point of view). Each of these factors is explained in greater detail below. The Industry Critical success factor Industry: There are some CSF’s common to all companies operating within the same industry. Different industries will have unique, industryspecific CSF’s An industry’s set of characteristics define its own CSF’s Different industries will thus have different CSF’s, for example research into the CSF’s for the Call centre, manufacturing, retail, business services, health care and education sectors showed each to be different after starting with a hypothesis of all sectors having their CSF’s as market orientation, learning orientation, entrepreneurial management style and organizational flexibility. In reality each organization has its own unique goals so while these may be some industry standard – not all firms in one industry will have identical CSF’s. Some trade associations offer benchmarking across possible common CSF’s. Competitive strategy and Competitive position or strategy: The nature of position in the marketplace or the adopted 18 industry position Critical success factor strategy to gain market share gives rise to CSF’s Differing strategies and positions have different CSF’s Not all firms in an industry will have the same CSF’s in a particular industry. A firm’s current position in the industry (where it is relative to other competitors in the industry and also the market leader), its strategy, and its resources and capabilities will define its CSF’s The values of an organization, its target market etc will all impact the CSF’s that are appropriate for it at a given point in time. Environmental Factors Critical success factor Environmental changes: Economic, regulatory, political, and demographic changes create CSF’s for an organization. These relate to environmental actors that are not in the control of the organization but which an organization must consider in developing CSF’s Examples for these are the industry regulation, political development and economic performance of a country, and population trends. An example of environmental factors affecting an organization could be a de-merger. Temporal Factors Temporal factors: These relate to short-term situations, often crises. These CSF’s m ay be important, but are usually short-lived. Temporal factors are temporary or one-off CSF’s resulting from a specific event necessitating their inclusion. Theoretically these would include a firm which â€Å"lost executives as a result of a plane crash requiring a critical success factor of rebuilding the executive Critical success factor Critical success factor Critical success factor 19 group†. Practically, with the evolution and integration of markets globally, one could argue that temporal factors are not temporal anymore as they could exist regularly in organizations. For example, a firm aggressively building its business internationally would have a need for a core group of executives in its new markets. Thus, it would have the CSF of â€Å"building the executive group in a specific market† and it could have this every year for different markets. Managerial Position Critical success factor Critical success factor Managerial role: An individual role may generate CSF’s as performance in a specific manager’s area of responsibility may be deemed critical to the success of an organization. Managerial position. This is important if CSF’s are considered from an individual’s point of view. For example, manufacturing managers who would typically have the following CSF’s: product quality, inventory control and cash control. In organizations with departments focused on customer relationships, a CSF for managers in these departments may be customer relationship management. INFORMATION FOR WRITING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS: (CSF’s) For the organization following the CSF method, the foundation for writing good CSF’s is a good understanding of the environment, the industry and the organization In order to do so, this requires the use of information that is readily available in the public domain. Externally, industry information can be sourced from industry associations, news articles, trade associations, prospectuses of competitors, and equity/analyst reports to name some sources. These would all be helpful in building knowledge of the 20 environment, the industry and competitors. Internally, there should be enough sources available to management from which to build on their knowledge of the organization. In most cases, these won’t even have to be anything published as managers are expected to have a good understanding of their organization Together, the external and internal information already provides the basis from which discussion on CSF’s could begin. USING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR STRATEGIC AND BUSINESS PLANNING: I have considered t following factors to be the critical success factors for the mobile service providers of the eastern region. 1) CONCEIVE AND DESIGN: a)GSM b)CDMA 21 c)3G 2) HUMAN RESOURCE: 3) MARKET: a) Advertising b) Sales offers c) Network Coverage. ) Customer Service e) Value Added Service. 4) MANAGEMENT: a) Planning. b) Organizational Structure. 5) FINANCE: a) Budget System. 22 FINDINGS: The cellular subscriber base is growing at a faster rate in West Bengal, Bihar, Kerala,Himachal Pradesh, Punjab as compared to Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Andra Pradesh and metropolitan cities. The number of subscribers for the urban sector is more for every servi ce provider in comparison with the rural sector, the monthly addition of new subscribers for the urban sector is also more than the rural sector . The period april 2008-march2009 has saw a phenomenonal addition of 129. 1 million telephone subscribers, an increase of 43%. Total wireless (GSM + CDMA) subscriber base increased from 391. 76 million in march -09 to 427. 29 million at the end of june-09, showing a growth of 9. 07%. Airtel and Vodafone was found out to be leading service providers of Kolkata. 23 REFERENCES: 1)www. trai. gov. in 2)Harvard Business Review (Article by Frances X. Frei—April 2008) 3)Harvard Business Review(Article by Christopher W. Hart—March 2007) 4)www. hindu. com 5)Competitive strategy by Michael E. Porter 6)Competitive Advantage by Michael E. Porter 24 How to cite Critical Success Factors of Mobile Telephony Companies, Essay examples

Prayer In Schools Essays - Prayer, Spirituality, Human Communication

Prayer In Schools Prayer in Public Schools: Should It Be Constitutional The courts have ruled against prayer in school. Many agree with decision; yet many disagree including myself. Prayer should be allowed in public school because it is already practiced, it prevents immoral acts, and it enhances the learning environment. The issue of prayer in school has been debated in the U.S. since the North West Treaty (1787and 1789) which states: ? Religion, morality, and the knowledge being necessary for good government and the happiness of man kind, schools and the means of learning shall forever be engorged.? Thus, religion, which includes prayer, was deemed to be necessary. Many people believe that prayer is not allowed in the public schools. In fact prayer is allowed in the school system on buses, at the flagpole, in student religious groups, and in the cafeteria. However, prayer is not permitted in the classroom itself when class is in session. Prayer in class would violate the principles of church- state separation, which is defined by court interpretations of the First Amendment. This requires that public school teachers, principals, and boards to be religiously neutral. The reason for this is to prevent any arguments among students and teachers about their specific religion. Public schools had prayer for nearly two hundred years before the supreme court ruled that state- mandated class prayers were unconstitutional (Engle, 1962) The fact that prayer was practiced for nearly two-hundred years established it by precedent as a beneficial practice in our schools. Since the court outlawed prayer, the nation has been in steady moral decline. Former secretary of education William Bennett revealed in his cultured indexes that between 1960 and1990 there was a steady moral decline. During this period divorce doubled, teenage pregnancy went up 200%, teen suicide increased 300%, child abuse reached an all time high, violent crime went up 500% and abortion increased 1000% . Morals must be taught and they can not be taught properly without religion, because most of the strong moral beliefs stem from religion such as the Ten Commandments. There is a strong correlation between the expulsion of prayer from our schools and the decline in morality. The third argument is prayer enhances the learning environment at public schools. Prayer enhances the learning environment because when there is a test coming up or a paper due, you think to yourself, ? How am I going to do all of this, and do well I know from personal experiences, that having a number of assignments due at the same time can be frustrating. When this happens, I always turn to God, and he guides and gives me strength and understanding. The outcome from doing praying is always good and the things that I asked for in my prayer are always bestowed upon me. Prayer may not enhance everyone's learning environment but I know before I start my day, I ask God to let me have a good day and let everything that I do, be a true learning experience for me. The experience may not always be good, but if it happens, it happens for a reason. Finally, I will end with a quote from ? An Outrageous Idea: Natural Prayer? written by Patty Jo Cornish. ? We have forgotten that we are all in this together and we keep separating ourselves by ourselves by colors, by football teams, by clothes, by money, by creed, by greed, by boundaries, by age, and so on and on. We need something to pull us all together, natural prayer could be that miracle. It includes everyone even the non-believers.?